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Back Extension (Hyperextension)

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Beginner

A Roman chair hinge movement that targets the erector spinae, glutes, and hamstrings to build posterior chain strength; commonly used for lower back health and stability.

About Exercise

Equipment

Difficulty

2/5 • Beginner

Primary Muscle Groups

Lower Back

Secondary Muscles

Traps

Popularity Score

8

Goals

Strength
Hypertrophy
Stability

Training Style

Bodybuilding
Functional Training

Setup Requirements

Requires Rack

No

Requires Bench

Yes

Requires Spotter

No

Space Needed

Small

Noise Level

Low

Muscle Breakdown

Lower Back

10/10

Erector Spinae

Glutes

7/10

Glute Max

Hamstrings

6/10

Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus

Traps

3/10

Lower Traps

Programming

Typical Rep Range

8-15 reps

Rest Between Sets

60-90 seconds

How to Perform

Adjust the Roman chair so the hip pads sit just below your hip crease, allowing full flexion, and secure your ankles under the rear pads.

  1. Cross arms over chest or hold a weight against it.
  2. Hinge at the hips to lower your torso toward the floor while keeping a neutral spine.
  3. Descend until you feel a stretch in the hamstrings or reach 90 degrees.
  4. Engage glutes and hamstrings to pull yourself back up to a straight line.
  5. Pause at the top without hyperextending the lower back.

Coaching Tips

Form Cues

  • Hinge from hips
  • Keep spine neutral
  • Squeeze glutes at top
  • Don't overarch
  • Control the descent

Breathing

Inhale as you lower your torso; exhale as you extend back up to the starting position.

Tempo

3-1-1

Range of Motion

Lower until torso is roughly perpendicular to legs; raise until body forms a straight line from head to heels.

Safety

Safety Notes

  • Avoid if experiencing acute back pain
  • Stop at neutral alignment
  • Ensure pads are secure

Spotting

Not recommended; use machine safeties or perform unweighted if struggling.

Common Mistakes

  • Hyperextending at the top
  • Rounding the back
  • Using momentum
  • Pad placed too high

When to Avoid

  • Acute lower back injury
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Recent back surgery
  • Herniated disc

Flexibility Needed

  • Adequate hip flexion
  • Thoracic spine mobility

Build Up First

  • Master basic hip hinge
  • Understand neutral spine maintenance

Also known as

Roman Chair Back Extension, 45-Degree Hyperextension, 90-Degree Back Extension, Lumbar Extension, Back Raise

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